Obesity and Cancer Risk Free Essays

As per the National Cancer Institute, heftiness is a condition where an individual has an anomalous high and undesirable extent of muscle to fat ratio. Stoutness is estimated by figuring a person’s BMI. Long periods of exploration demonstrate that there are associations among heftiness and malignant growth chance. We will compose a custom paper test on Corpulence and Cancer Risk or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Examination gives us that an expansion in body weight builds insulin levels in the blood, which advance the improvement of specific tumors and tumor controllers. Fat cells additionally produce adipokine hormones, which invigorate cell development. Leptin, which is bottomless in stout individuals, follows up on a receptor on the mind where an individual shows hunger and advances cell expansion, or cell development. Basically, abundance body weight is the impetus for hormones in the body to not work appropriately while furthermore advancing cell development, which is the significant reason for malignant growth spread. In 2007 examination discovered 34,000 new instances of disease in men and 50,500 new cases in ladies because of stoutness. It is assessed that 1:5 disease related passings are because of overweight and corpulence. Corpulence is related with a few malignant growths in the body, remembering for the throat, pancreas, colon and rectum, kidney, thyroid, gallbladder, bosom (after menopause) and endometrium (the coating of the uterus). Weight gain influences the body’s safe framework, certain hormones including insulin and estrogen, and elements that manage cell division. Researchers in the American Cancer Society concede that exploration is restricted in realizing whether weight reduction can diminish malignant growth chance. There is developing proof to propose that a decrease in weight may reduce the danger of bosom malignancy, after menopause, just as increasingly forceful types of prostate disease. Nonetheless, stout individuals who shed pounds frequently decrease certain hormone levels that identify with malignant growth chance, for example, insulin and estrogen. Refers to: National Cancer Institute http://www. malignant growth. gov The American Cancer Society http://www. malignancy. organization The PubMed Data base http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed Step by step instructions to refer to Obesity and Cancer Risk, Essay models

Gender and Sexualiy in Italian Community of Vancouver Personal Statement

Sex and Sexualiy in Italian Community of Vancouver - Personal Statement Example degree in Anthropology from the University of British Columbia, where I am as of now finishing the International Graduate Study Preparation Program (IGSPP). My instructive foundation has given the hypothetical system to a vocation in human studies through the Bachelor Degree in Cultural Anthropology (Major in Faculty of Arts) made sure about from the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy, from September 2004 to July 2007. Because of the massive intrigue and direction to various parts of culture and society that display designed interrelationships and patterns, I dug into a Master’s Degree in Methodology of Research in Anthropology (Major in Faculty of Arts) from theUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, from September 2007 to April 2010. During these scholastic encounters, I was allowed the chance to visit different colleges as a major aspect of the student from abroad projects. I have voyage and imparted instructive encounters to understudies from the Univ ersidad Autonoma de Madrid and the University of Technology of Sydney (UTS). The rich and shifted presentation to different individuals, places, and societies with absolutely diverse aspects and directions has set me up to grasp a liberal position in understanding human studies as an integrative interdisciplinary field of try. As unmistakably delineated in the University of Florida’s distributed talk about human studies, I perceived the calling â€Å"with its all encompassing point of view, (that) meets the various ways to deal with the investigation of mankind †natural, social, social, authentic, phonetic, subjective, material, innovative, emotional, and aesthetic† (University of Florida, n.d., pp. 1-2). Having by and by experienced living in different nations, for example, Italy, Australia, the UK, and Canada, the longing to become familiar with the four significant anthropological fields (archeological, natural, phonetic, and socio-social human studies) kept my advantage ablaze. As at first moved by the driving force to seek after the Ph.D. program in Anthropology, my examination on â€Å"Shifting Perceptions of Gender, Sexuality and Identity among Italian Immigrants in Vancouver† drove me to distinguish my exploration mean to investigate the moving recognitions on issues of sex, sexuality and character these youngsters may have as opposed to the previous ages. Through the exploration, suitable examinations are proposed to be made to address whether more youthful Italians may be influenced with constraining and progressively moderate perspectives on issues of sex jobs and sexual personalities. Connected is a duplicate of the Doctoral Research Prospectus for the confirmation committee’s scrutiny. The effective culmination of this exploration would profoundly rely upon the University of British Columbia’s endorsement of one’s application. I am a lot of intrigued to seek after the program as a major aspect of my d rawn out pledge to be an instrumental supporter of improving the lives of contemporary age through an assurance of noteworthy variables that influence human presence over a worldwide scale. Through the improvements concurred by progression in innovation and correspondence, different wellsprings of data could be sourced promptly and approved through electronic methods. These developments’ impact and effect on the lives of individuals are intriguing and

The Summer Before College

The Summer Before College Disney Channel paints a perfect image of exactly what its supposed to look like. Instagram feeds filled with beating rays of sunshine. Swimming pools and ice cream sundaes.   Long road trips to new places. Countless visits to the local diner to savor every last bite of your favorite meal. Polaroids scattered in a half-packed bed room. Late evenings spent in the serenity of the people youve grown up with, the people youve learned to call home. Theres this subtle (or maybe not that subtle) pressure to make the most out of that last summer before college. To explore. Make Memories. Prepare. After all this is a really special time. A time that momentarily suspends you between the days that were and the days that are to come. Im here to tell you that as long as you dont trip and dislocate your knee cap just a few weeks into break, you, my friend, are going to be just fine. And even if you do trip and dislocate your knee cap, well, chances are youll still be fine: It’s been about two weeks since I’ve busted my knee. That means a few different things. One, I’ve spent the past fourteen days traveling back in time to the blissful years of childhood care. Two, I’ve been spoilt by 24/7 room service. Three, my sedentary lifestyle has resulted in about a five-pound weight gain. And four, I can finally kind of sort of walk (more like stumble) my way around. Yay for knee dislocations! To give you a little context, I’ve always secretly taken a lot of pride in not damaging myself. When people shared stories of broken toes and bicycle catastrophes, I thanked God for my overall wellness. I’m a person of numbers and statistics. And a lifelong injury-free streak, was well oddly comforting to me. When I was about four years old, my family and I got into a car accident in India. As we were driving between two cities, we were cruising between two lorries (Indian trucks). And within a split second and one brake pressed and one not, we were caught between the two boulders of metal. All I remember is seeing everyone stumble out of the car as I spit a mouthful of blood, my eyes closing on me. The only other memory I have is holding my grandpa’s best friend’s hand as we made it through the hospital. My mother was getting her broken arm casted up. My grandma was getting her forehead stitched. My grandpa was in surgery. My uncle was in physical therapy. I had survived. Un touched. Now it’s impossible for someone to experience something like that and not believe that they were somehow impenetrable. That they were protected from pain and damage. Maybe that’s why I was the monkey that I was, 360ing on monkey bars and cartwheeling off of sofas. But more or less, I had this confidence in my own wellness. And although my monkeying around remains a sweet memory of my elementary years, I subconsciously continued to have this faith in my wellbeing. Of course all of that personal illusion went down the drain when I casually tripped over a curb in an Albertsons parking lot and dislocated my knee. For the first time, I wasn’t whole. Something had gone wrong inside of me. And I could feel it. It hurt. Like bone against concrete. There went that stupid streak of mine. I wasn’t impenetrable. Life was just as unexpected to me as it was to others. And man was that a heartbreaking realization. I was incredibly lucky to have my aunt with me at the time. Her instincts kicked in and she reduced my dislocation. My mother rushed me to the ER and two weeks later, I’m in a simple knee brace, stumbling my way around. All is well. Now, it’s really easy to misconstrue this whole thing as me just being overly dramatic (as I usually am). But this has been a blogpost that I’ve been going back to back on publishing.   But I think it’s needed. I need to reminder myself of how delicate our perceptions are. How anything can happen at anytime. (side note: I spent two hours ice skating before ironically falling on concrete) And there just isn’t anyway to foresee it. A knee dislocation is a very drawn out example of that. But as we build lives for ourselves, it becomes important that we all keep the bigger picture in mind. That we remain humble about ourselves and others. That we realize that we too are subject to the actions of time. Because life has it’s own plans. And were simply riding along. -Me, three summers ago a survivor of a dislocated knee cap smiling through the tears Looking back at this, the takeaway remains the same. As you make your way through all that life has to offer, things become increasingly unexpected. The six weeks I spent on bedrest before heading off to college forced me to spend a lot of forced time with not just myself, but the moments I found myself in. And while my summer took quite the turn with crutches and frequent visits to physical therapy, there was a lot that I got out of that summer. Things I wouldnt trade for anything. I had no choice but to slow things down and take things as they were. And it gave me a new found appreciation for the people and experiences in my life. To my to-be college freshman, wherever this summer may take you, remember to exist in the present and soak in all that each and every single moment has to offer. Consider yourself warned: avoid parking lots, they punch hard.

The Summer Before College

The Summer Before College Disney Channel paints a perfect image of exactly what its supposed to look like. Instagram feeds filled with beating rays of sunshine. Swimming pools and ice cream sundaes.   Long road trips to new places. Countless visits to the local diner to savor every last bite of your favorite meal. Polaroids scattered in a half-packed bed room. Late evenings spent in the serenity of the people youve grown up with, the people youve learned to call home. Theres this subtle (or maybe not that subtle) pressure to make the most out of that last summer before college. To explore. Make Memories. Prepare. After all this is a really special time. A time that momentarily suspends you between the days that were and the days that are to come. Im here to tell you that as long as you dont trip and dislocate your knee cap just a few weeks into break, you, my friend, are going to be just fine. And even if you do trip and dislocate your knee cap, well, chances are youll still be fine: It’s been about two weeks since I’ve busted my knee. That means a few different things. One, I’ve spent the past fourteen days traveling back in time to the blissful years of childhood care. Two, I’ve been spoilt by 24/7 room service. Three, my sedentary lifestyle has resulted in about a five-pound weight gain. And four, I can finally kind of sort of walk (more like stumble) my way around. Yay for knee dislocations! To give you a little context, I’ve always secretly taken a lot of pride in not damaging myself. When people shared stories of broken toes and bicycle catastrophes, I thanked God for my overall wellness. I’m a person of numbers and statistics. And a lifelong injury-free streak, was well oddly comforting to me. When I was about four years old, my family and I got into a car accident in India. As we were driving between two cities, we were cruising between two lorries (Indian trucks). And within a split second and one brake pressed and one not, we were caught between the two boulders of metal. All I remember is seeing everyone stumble out of the car as I spit a mouthful of blood, my eyes closing on me. The only other memory I have is holding my grandpa’s best friend’s hand as we made it through the hospital. My mother was getting her broken arm casted up. My grandma was getting her forehead stitched. My grandpa was in surgery. My uncle was in physical therapy. I had survived. Un touched. Now it’s impossible for someone to experience something like that and not believe that they were somehow impenetrable. That they were protected from pain and damage. Maybe that’s why I was the monkey that I was, 360ing on monkey bars and cartwheeling off of sofas. But more or less, I had this confidence in my own wellness. And although my monkeying around remains a sweet memory of my elementary years, I subconsciously continued to have this faith in my wellbeing. Of course all of that personal illusion went down the drain when I casually tripped over a curb in an Albertsons parking lot and dislocated my knee. For the first time, I wasn’t whole. Something had gone wrong inside of me. And I could feel it. It hurt. Like bone against concrete. There went that stupid streak of mine. I wasn’t impenetrable. Life was just as unexpected to me as it was to others. And man was that a heartbreaking realization. I was incredibly lucky to have my aunt with me at the time. Her instincts kicked in and she reduced my dislocation. My mother rushed me to the ER and two weeks later, I’m in a simple knee brace, stumbling my way around. All is well. Now, it’s really easy to misconstrue this whole thing as me just being overly dramatic (as I usually am). But this has been a blogpost that I’ve been going back to back on publishing.   But I think it’s needed. I need to reminder myself of how delicate our perceptions are. How anything can happen at anytime. (side note: I spent two hours ice skating before ironically falling on concrete) And there just isn’t anyway to foresee it. A knee dislocation is a very drawn out example of that. But as we build lives for ourselves, it becomes important that we all keep the bigger picture in mind. That we remain humble about ourselves and others. That we realize that we too are subject to the actions of time. Because life has it’s own plans. And were simply riding along. -Me, three summers ago a survivor of a dislocated knee cap smiling through the tears Looking back at this, the takeaway remains the same. As you make your way through all that life has to offer, things become increasingly unexpected. The six weeks I spent on bedrest before heading off to college forced me to spend a lot of forced time with not just myself, but the moments I found myself in. And while my summer took quite the turn with crutches and frequent visits to physical therapy, there was a lot that I got out of that summer. Things I wouldnt trade for anything. I had no choice but to slow things down and take things as they were. And it gave me a new found appreciation for the people and experiences in my life. To my to-be college freshman, wherever this summer may take you, remember to exist in the present and soak in all that each and every single moment has to offer. Consider yourself warned: avoid parking lots, they punch hard.

Old Man and the Sea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1105 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? This being a research paper on the book written by Ernest Hemingway, the novel The Old man and the Sea. I am going to be reviewing articles on this book to come up with a comprehensive research paper that discusses the themes in this book and the characters in the book. In this research, I will use articles on this book as well as other books that talk about this book. This book gives the struggling story between old fishermen with his hugest catch of his lifetime. Santiago, a very old fisherman of Cuban origin has for 84 days gone to sea and returned with nothing. The old man seems so unlucky to an extent that Manolin, his current friend as well as a young trainee, is forcefully advised to quit the old man’s teaching and join other prosperous fishermen by his parents. Nonetheless, the young trainee surprisingly continues taking good care of the old man whenever he comes back from fishing each and every night. Manolin assist Santiago to carry his kit into his hut, gets food for him while the two talk together about many things, including the what is happening in the American Baseball and especially the trials of Joe Dimaggio who is Santiago`s hero. Santiago has not given up, he has confidence that he is not going to be unproductive in his fishing forever. The following day, he makes up his mind to sail in his boat farther into the sea than h e has ever done before. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Old Man and the Sea" essay for you Create order Santiago does as he promised on the 85th day. He makes the lifetime attempt by sailing far away into the shallow water, up to the coast of the island until he arrives at the streams of Gulf. He goes about his business as usual. He formulates the fishing lines and drops them into the waters. At around midnight, a big fish, a marlin, get caught by the hook when trying to take the bait pined by the old man below the water surface (Gurko,1955). Santiago hooks this fish with all the expertise he has gained during his time fishing but the trouble comes in that he is not able to pull this fish into the boat. I turn out that the fish rules the situation and starts pulling the boat. The old man decided not to tie them onto the boat because out experience he fears that the big fish could spontaneous a taut line. In its place, the old man holds the line with his bare hand, straining his old body and he stays prepared in case the fish try’s to make a run. The fish never give in instead it pulled the olds man boat all the day long and night and the following day and night as well. The fish at first swims at a steady motion heading to the northwest and as it get exhausted, it follows the current which follows to the east. All this time, Santiago is forced to bear the pain that is being exerted on him by the fishing line (Hayen, 2007). Santiago is badly hurt by the cord every time the fish tries to free itself from the hook. Although Santiago is weary and wounded, he is deeply empathetic for the fish and he admires it a great deal. He now considers it as a brother of his in the suffering that they are both going through, resolve and strength. The struggle continues until the third day when the fish gets tired and Santiago who is deprived of sleep and injured is now in a position to pull this fish near the boat close enough that he kills it using a harpoon with a few sticks on its head (Brenner, 1991). Santiago has never seen or fished a fish this big in his entire life as a fisherman. He pulls it into the boat. He then raises his boat`s mast and starts to sail towards his home. He feels so excited that he would earn enough money when he delivers the fish into the market, but he is not sure if the people who are to the fish if are worth his luck. He believed that this catch would his worth by proving himself to his fellow fishermen who had doubts in him. This earns him the tragic hero title with a tragic imperfection unfortunately as Santiago sails with the dead fish, the blood of the dead fish leave a trail of blood behind. This attracts the sharks and puts him at the risk of being attacked the sharks. Santiago is attacke d by many sharks which he fights off to the best of his ability. He stabs these vicious predators with a spear that he makes by the use of his knife and an oar. He also uses the boat`s tiller to club the sharks. Despite his attempt to kill several sharks in order to scare the rest, all is in vain and the sharks succeed to feed on the olds man price leaving him the bone leftovers (Morgan, 1962). The old fisherman chastises himself because he went out too far and also because he sacrificed his catch. He manages to get hone before the crack of the dawn and stumbles to his hut where he falls deeply asleep. Early in the morning, lots of fishermen gather around the old man’s boat surprised by the great number of sharks surrounding the boat. This is because of the remains of the Marlin, the tourist and the fishermen confuse remain of the Marlin with that of the sharks. Mandolin has been deeply worried about the fact that Santiago has been absent. He sheds tears when he finds his old man safely sleeping on his bed. He makes some coffee for the old man and gets for him the newspaper of the day with the scores for baseball. He then watches him as he sleeps. After the old man has woken up from his sleep, they agree with Manolin that they should begin to fish together once again (Hemingway, 2007). This did not only bring joy to the old man but he felt respected by the young boy. In his bed that evening, he finally dreams he had dreamt the long time ago, a lion playing on beaches of Africa. This book is authored by Ernest Hemingway whose writing career started in 1917 writing for the Kansas City Star. The Old Man and the Sea are the utmost widely held work of Ernest Hemingway. In the year 1953, the book won the great Pulitzer Prize and later on, in 1954, Ernest himself won the Nobel peace prize award of literature.

Romeo and Juliet Essay - 600 Words

Romeo and Juliet Essay The play Romeo and Juliet written by Romeo Shakespeare is about a teenage boy named Romeo falling in love with a girl named Juliet. The problem with them falling in love and getting married is that they both come from feuding families the Capulet and the Montague. A character named Friar Laurence tries to stop the family feud by creating a plan between Romeo and Juliet. The plan didn’t work and Romeo and Juliet end up killing themselves and the family feud stops. In the play Romeo and Juliet the two people that could of saved Romeo and Juliet were the Nurse and Lady Capulet. The Nurse behaves like a friend in Act 3, Scene 5 and lines 225-238. This is when the Nurse is telling Juliet about how she should marry†¦show more content†¦Lord Capulet then begins to tell Juliet about how she has no choice but to marry Paris or she will be kicked out of the house. During this whole scene all Lady Capulet does is stand there like she was a bystander while Juliet is looking at her mom to defend her. Lady Capulet should have defended her daughter when she needed help because her opinion could of changed the decision of Lord Capulet her husband. Since Juliet didn’t have anyone to defend her Juliet could have felt like no one was there to help her and Lady Capulet could have even stopped the wedding if she pretending to disapprove of Paris. This would have showed Juliet that her Mom cares about Juliet’s happiness then just doing business. Lady Capulet behaves like Juliet’s wedding planner also in Act 4, Scene 2 . This is when Juliet just gets back from Friar Lawrence and agrees to marry Paris. After hearing this from Juliet Lord Capulet moves that wedding date to the next day. This shows that Lady Capulet doesn’t know her daughter that will because she thought moving that wedding date up was a good idea. If Lady Capulet spent more time with her daughter more she would have known that Juliet was just acting happy and obedient. Also, if Lady Capulet did know her daughter better and Juliet trusted her like the Nurse then Lady Capulet could have known about the plan of how Juliet was married to Romeo. But Lady Capulet didn’t knowShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Bryan. In Romeo and Juliet. Drama for Students. Encyclopedia.com. Web. 04 June 2017. 1. Encyclopedia.com is an online encyclopedia that provides free information, articles, or references from various credible sources such as Oxford University Press and Columbia Encyclopedia. This online encyclopedia does not let anyone rewrite references or information which is what gives this site its credibility, as they make sure information is accurate before publishing. 2. On this online encyclopediaRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesComparison essay Comparison essay Compare the relationships in Romeo and Juliet and pride and prejudice BOTH CHARACTERS (Juliet and Elizabeth ) PRESENT THEIR LOVE AND EFFECTION TO THEIR LOVE ONES BY APPROACHING THEM IN A FORMAL MANNER. â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet†. Juliet This means Juliet is asking, in allusion to the feud between her Capulet family and Romeo’sRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet Essay â€Å"Holding a grudge doesn’t make you strong; it makes you bitter. Forgiving doesn’t make you weak; it sets you free.† This quote was once stated by Dave Willis, and teaches those that forgiving is something you can do to strengthen your life, not to weaken it. In the novel, Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare in 1594, shows this lesson as well. William Shakespeare uses literary terms and language to portray how rivalries impede life’s most desirable events from happeningRead MoreContrast Essay: Romeo and Juliet906 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Essay: Romeo and Juliet Often times people say that William Shakespeare was and still is a legend. They are correct. It is amazing how Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet written centuries ago can be better than Franco Zefferellis movie production of Romeo and Juliet, which had much better technology to work with only decades ago. Although the movie appeared better, it left out some major parts. The play had better mood and plot details which made it much more dramatic and by far aRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Persuasive Essay660 Words   |  3 PagesRomeo and Juliet Persuasive Essay This play is about a boy named Romeo and girl named Juliet. Their family are mortal enemies so that means that they are always fighting with one another. At a Capulet party Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time not knowing who each other are, until later that night that they are enemies. They begin to fall in love with each other and get married after meeting for one night. Then the drama gets to their head and they kill themselves. In Romeo and JulietRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Narrative Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Prompt: Think about Romeo and Juliet in terms of what qualities they represent. What might Shakespeare be saying about these qualities? In a well-written essay, discuss qualities you believe Shakespeare is attempting to reveal in the characters Romeo and Juliet. In the second half of your essay, discuss which of these qualities you see in yourself. Are you more a Romeo, a Juliet, or a combination of both? Qualities that Determine Destinies Blaise Pascal, an honored French mathematician, physicistRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Argumentative Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet Argumentative Essay William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th century Verona, Italy. A play that relays the story of two young lovers whose ill-fated deaths end an ancient family feud. The two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, come from families who disapprove of their love. Their situation complicates as the play progresses, with an arranged marriage and several deaths. Romeo and Juliet both fall to the consequences of their secret marriage. Even from the beginning, theirRead MoreEssay on The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life; I dont agree with the quotation above because I think the tragic deaths of both Romeo and Juliet are caused by human decision. It is an indirect result of the decisions and actions Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares plays about tragedy. It is aboutRead MoreRelationships in Romeo and Juliet Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay, I will be examining Shakespeare’s treatment of relationships in Romeo and Juliet. As a poet and playwright, he wrote 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems and 38 plays, one of his most famous plays being Romeo and Juliet. There are many different types of relationships between characters, and these are essential to the play. The prologue tells us that the play is about two star-crossed lovers from two feuding families, the Montagues and Capulets. There is hatred between these two familiesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Parenting Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare drilled into the minds of many through his play, Romeo and Juliet, and as other authors have done in their stories, that teenagers are lazy and can’t carry the responsibilities of an adult, the truth is quite the contrary. Although the point being argued is that teenagers can fulfill the responsibilities of an adult, here are some examples of how the opposite idea is so widely believed. Now throughout William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, there are examples littered around the story of the

Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty - 1348 Words

The United States justice system uses many methods of punishment on lawbreakers and criminals. These include jail time, community service, paroles, fines, and the most shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morally correct. Many have also debated if anyone holds the right to end another’s life. The death penalty, morally wrong and faulty, does not save lives but unnecessarily ruins and ends them. Everyone†¦show more content†¦Ringo, who committed his crime July of 1998, was executed on September 10, 2014. Ringo, along with an accomplice, previously robbed a restaurant and fatally shot Joanna Baysinger and Dennis Poyser. In his conclusion, Muhlhausen states the execution of Ringo â€Å"may just save the lives of several innocents† (Muhlhausen). He fails to mention, however, exactly how this death prevented more. Ringo already spent about sixteen years in prison without problems, so prison contained him his murderous ways just fine. Lives can be saved in absence of execution. The containment of criminals, rather than the death of, still prevents innocents from losing their lives. Execution may prevent deaths just as well as jail time, but only with the heavy cost of another human being’s life. The nation of America divides when it comes to capital punishment. Just thirty-one of fifty states still use the death penalty. Two years ago, August 13, the state of Connecticut ruled the death penalty unconstitutional. The court discussed the morality and the discriminatory cases of capital punishment (Caplan). Race can be a big factor when it comes to capital punishment, as a minority is about six times more likely to receive the death penalty than a white defendant. Many also argue against capital punishment because they feel the death penalty gives criminals an easy way out. Death can be easier and quicker than a life sentence or communityShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. This is a bigRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros and Cons1636 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging areRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros Cons2512 Words   |  11 PagesTop 10 Pros and Cons Should the death penalty be allowed? The PRO and CON statements below give a five minute introduction to the death penalty debate. (Read more information about our one star to five star Theoretical Credibility System) 1. Morality 2. Constitutionality 3. Deterrence 4. Retribution 5. Irrevocable Mistakes 6. Cost of Death vs. Life in Prison 7. Race 8. Income Level 9. Attorney Quality 10. Physicians at Execution PRO Death Penalty CON Death Penalty 1. Morality PRO:Read MoreDeath Penalty Pros And Cons1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty. What laws have the Supreme Court recognized that warrant the death penalty as being cruel and unusual punishment. What are the pros and cons of the death penalty, death penalty vs. life incarceration from a financial standpoint, the death penalty is it a deterrent where crime is concerned, states that have the death penalty, the state with the highest number of death row inmates the state with the lowest, mentally ill and mental retardation, juveniles, women and the death penaltyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Death Penalty (DP), being also known as capital punishment, capital offence and corporal punishment, is a sentence of death imposed on a convicted criminal (1); this essay will use all the terms interchangeably. The DP breaches two fundamental human rights, namely the right to life and the right to live free from torture; both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which contains a list of each human rightsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was planned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or ill egally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty844 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty takes the saying of â€Å"An eye for an eye† to a whole new level. From a very young age, everyone has been taught the undeniable truth that murder is wrong. So what makes capital punishment alright? Just because someone did something wrong, t hat doesn’t mean that person can legally be killed, as we are all human, and we all make mistakes. In the United States, 31 states allow this punishment (Sherman). Christopher Wilkins, Terry Darnell Edwards, and Rolando Ruiz are some of the manyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1939 Words   |  8 PagesThe death penalty is a serious problem that has the United States very divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty three states where the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it . I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. Crime is all around, Wherever we look we find criminals and crime. Criminals have become a part of peoples daily lives,Some criminals commit a crimeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty948 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is something that a lot of people think about, but do people think about the Death Penalty? Having been given the death penalty means that someone is going to be put to death by a lethal injection or an electric chair; There are more ways, but the injection and the electric chair are the most used. There are many different opinions surrounding the idea of death penalties; which some people think the death penalty should be used more and some believe the complete opposite. There are two main

Determination Theory and Work Motivation Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Determination Theory and Work Motivation. Answer: Introduction: Need theory is also referred to as Three Needs Theory which was suggested by David McClelland who was a psychologist. The theory is a model of motivation which tries to give an explanation of the way needs for power, affiliation and achievement influence the actions of individuals from a managerial setting (Maslow, 1943, p. 384). The kind of motivation which drives an individual derives from the individuals life experiences and their cultural opinions. In need for achievement, employees prefer working on those tasks which are moderately difficult (Luo et al., 2011, p. 240). Additionally, they also prefer working on projects which the outcomes are based on the effort that they put on the work instead of anything else and prefer receiving feedback after they have worked. Relating the theory to the case study, Matt preferred working on those projects that he was passionate about rather than working for highly paid jobs without good customer satisfaction. Achievements based people usuall y avoid both low-risk and high-risk circumstances. In need for affiliation, employees prefer to spend their time maintaining and creating relationships (Gagn and Deci, 2005, p. 345). Evidently, they enjoy being part of a particular group and they desire to feel accepted and loved by others. These kinds of individuals have a tendency of adhering to the norms of that organization and never opt to change the norms because they fear to be rejected from the workplace (Landy and Becker, 1987, p. 35). According to the case study, Matt did not feel comfortable with the performance appraisal which was issued by Peter to him, and he had to say openly to him that he did not feel comfortable with the idea. He said that the performance appraisal did not show the real things that he did in the company which usually upset him after working extra hard for the sake of his clients but what Peter did was looking at the money made at the end of the day. In need for power, such employees place great val ue on discipline and enjoy their work. Equity theory focuses on knowing whether there is a fair distribution of the resources in the organization to both interpersonal associates. The act of equity is measured by weighing the inputs and outcomes for each employee in the organization (Walster, Berscheid, and Walster, 1976, p. 40). The equity suggests that workers in a particular organization aim at maintaining equity between the efforts they put on the job and the rewards they get after achieving all that in the company (Huseman, Hatfield and Miles, 1987, p. 222). Inputs are all that the employees contributes to the organization such as their time, hard work, commitment, among others while outcomes are the benefits that the employees receive from the organization such as rewards, job security, responsibility among others (Chapman, 2001, p. 351). In the case study, Matt was complaining that the performance appraisal did not reveal the real activities which he did in the company yet he puts much effort while serving his cust omers but the problem is that the boss only looked at the money which is made. Whatever was said by Matt indicated that the company did not reward the employee after they had done their work which might lead to discouragements and employees may not feel motivated to work anymore since their efforts were not recognized however hard they worked. Expectancy theory suggests that an individual is likely to behave in a particular way since they are being motivated to choose a precise behavior over others because of the expectations of the outcomes of that chosen behavior will be. Expectancy theory usually elaborates the behavioral procedure of the reason why people select a certain behavior over others (Wigfield, A., Eccles, 2000, p. 69). Notably, there is correlation which is positive between performance and efforts, the result of a satisfactory performance will end in an anticipated reward that is a reward from a presentation will automatically give satisfaction to a significant need and the result fulfills their need abundant to make the input worthwhile (Ryan and Deci, 2000, p. 70). In the case study, Matt after the performance appraisal was issued to him; they discussed what he could do in the following year and how they could make it occur. They agreed that Matt would take the lead on a team of great client contracts inst ead of lead a smaller number and the ratings of customer satisfaction from the contracts would be higher. Of course getting good ratings from big projects would be hard but Matt decided on that, and he was ready to give it a shot. Goal setting comprises the establishment of an activity strategy which is designed to guide and motivate employees towards achieving a specific goal. Goal setting may be directed by goal-setting rules like SMART criteria (Locke and Latham, 2002, p. 711). According to Edwin Locke, the founder of the theory, he suggested that more measurable, unambiguous, and clear objectives which are accompanied by a tight deadline for completing tend to avoid misunderstanding. It is clear that goals should be challenging and realistic for the employees to put more effort in achieving them (Deci and Ryan, 2008, p. 183). Evidently, as long as an employee takes the goal, has the capability to achieve it and does not have other goals which are conflicting, there is an optimistic linear connection concerning goal struggle and task presentation (Gunnell et al., 2014, p. 28). In the case study, Matt was willing to take the challenge of leading big customer contracts without looking at the money first, but he was willing to help the clients. This shows that Matt knew that good service delivery to customers would eventually enable him to earn good money at the end of it all. If I were Peter Finch, I would ensure that the performance appraisal was showing the real work that Matt had done for a certain period. Showing the real work that Matt had done would motivate him to continue working hard to achieve more and work on the areas that he felt he did not achieve what he had targeted for in a particular project. Rewards could also motive Matt in a great way towards achieving the goals of the company. Matt complained that Peter did not recognize his effort however hard he worked which led to discouragement and comparing him with Jack made it worse because Matt always viewed Jack as manipulative so that he could get extra cash from customers. Rewards such as bonuses, praises, promotion among others are known as good motivators when it comes to motivating employees. I could also include Matt in brainstorming ideas which he felt that could enable him improve in his work. Notably, including employees in brainstorming ideas makes them feel that they are part of t he organization and they feel that the organization values their ideas too. Brainstorming ideas would help Matt feel motivated because he would feel that the boss views his as an important person in the organization and clearly he could have listed ideas which would have helped him attain his goals. If I were Matt, I would keep myself motivated by ensuring that I always perform my work effectively without involving in manipulative activities to the customers. I would focus on meeting my targets at the right time by setting achievable goals to ensure that I do not compete with Jack at any given time. I would ensure that I do not get comfortable with the little I earn instead I would put more effort in my work. Additionally, so as to ensure my feelings toward Jack does not affect my work; I would increase my productivity by leading big projects which will increase my salary and serve the customers in the right way to ensure that they always want me to serve them the next time they come to the company. I would look for all tactics which could help me improve my productivity but still ensuring that honesty is there without manipulating anyone in the wrong way. Recommendations I would recommend that the performance appraisal to show the real work that an employee has done without hiding anything. If the work is poorly done, let the performance appraisal review all that. I would also recommend that the organization find a way of rewarding their employees after achieving their targets so as to motivate them to continue doing the same. Involving employees to brainstorm ideas in the organization I also highly recommended. In order to review the performance appraisal showing the real work of an employee, the manager should take some time to observe the work of that an employee has done for a period of time so as to give the actual results. In the case of rewards, the organization should start with small rewards such as praises, promotion to motivate employees before going to big rewards. For brainstorming, the organization should start an open forum where employees are free to share their ideas with the bosses. References Chapman, A. (2001) adams equity theory - workplace motivational theory - how individuals measure inputs and outcomes in relation to market norms and referents,' Business Balls. Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm. Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (2008) Self-determination theory: A macro theory of human motivation, development, and health., Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 49(3), pp. 182185. doi: 10.1037/a0012801. Gagn, M. and Deci, E. L. (2005) Self-determination theory and work motivation,' Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), pp. 331362. doi: 10.1002/job.322. Gunnell, K. E., Crocker, P. R. E., Mack, D. E., Wilson, P. M. and Zumbo, B. D. (2014) Goal contents, motivation, psychological need satisfaction, well-being and physical activity: A test of self-determination theory over 6 months, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), pp. 1929. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.08.005. Huseman, R. C., Hatfield, J. D. and Miles, E. W. (1987) A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct,' Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 12(2), p. 222. doi: 10.5465/AMR.1987.4307799. Landy, F. J., and Becker, W. S. (1987) Motivation Theory Reconsidered,' Research in Organizational Behavior, 9(April), pp. 138. Locke, E. a and Latham, G. P. (2002) Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey, The American Psychologist, 57(9), pp. 705717. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705. Luo, W., Paris, S. G., Hogan, D. and Luo, Z. (2011) Do performance goals promote learning? A pattern analysis of Singapore students achievement goals, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(2), pp. 165176. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.02.003. Maslow, A. H. (1943) A theory of human motivation,' Psychological Review, 50, pp. 370396. doi: 10.1037/h0054346. Ryan, R. and Deci, E. (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being., The American Psychologist, 55(1), pp. 6878. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68. Walster, E., Berscheid, E. and Walster, G. W. (1976) New Directions in Equity Research,' Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 9(C), pp. 142. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60057-X. Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S. (2000) Expectancy-Value Theory of Achievement Motivation,' Contemporary Educational Psychology, pp. 6881. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1015.

South Korea Essays (1378 words) - , Term Papers

South Korea South Korea is officially known as Taehan Min'guk (Republic of Korea). This country is in northeastern Asia and occupies the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea is bounded on the north by North Korea; on the east by the East Sea (Sea of Japan); on the south bye the Korea Strait, which also separates it from Japan; and on the west by the Yellow Sea. It has a total area of 38,328 square miles, including many offshore islands in the south and west, and the largest is Cheju. The state of South Korea was established in 1948 succeeding the post-World War II distribution of the penisula between the occupying forces of the United States in the south and the Union of Soviet Republics (USSR) in the north. The capital of South Korea is Seoul which is also the largest city. The current version of the South Korean flag was adopted in 1984, but the basic design has been used since the country's founding is 1948. The Buddhist yin-yang symbol represents the unity of opposites, and the white background represents purity. The black markings symbolize three cycles, with opposites in each cycle opposing one another(reading clockwise from the upper left): summer, autumn, winter, spring, south, west, north, east, sky, moon, earth, and sun. South Korea is mainly a rugged, mountainous terrain. The principal range is the T'aebaek-sanmaek, which extends in a north-south direction parallel to the eastern coast. The country's highest peak, located on the island of Cheju, is Halla-san. Plains constitute less than one-fifth the total area and are mostly in the west along the coast the coastal plains in the east and south are very narrow. South Korea has a highly indented coastline characterized by high tidal ranges, the country's tow longest rivers, the Naktong and Han, rise in the T'aebaek-sanmaek, one flowing south to the Korea Strait and the other northwest to the Yellow sea. Other major rivers include the Kom, Yengsan, and Tongjin. South Korea has a continental climate, with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. In Seoul the average January temperature range is 16 to 30 degrees F, and the average July temperature range is 70 to 84 degrees F. Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. The average precipitation in Seoul is 49in and in Pusan 54in. Rainfall is mostly in the summer months (June to September). The southern coast is subject to late summer typhoons that bring strong winds and heavy rains. Mixed deciduous and coniferous forests cover about three-quarters of the land, but have been lessened of use as fuel. Predominate species include pine, maple, elm, poplar, fir and aspen. Bamboo, laurel, and evergreen oak are found in the southern coastal areas. Large mammals, such as tigers, leopards, bears, and lynx, used to be common throughout the Korean Peninsula, but these animals have virtually disappeared form South Korea due to deforestation and poaching. The population of South Korea (1997 estimate) is 45,948,811. The country's population density of 1199 people per sq. mi. is one of the highest in the world. The majority of the population lives in the southern and western coastal areas. South Korea like North Korea is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries in the world. Aside from a resident foreign population of about 55,000 , mostly Chinese, the country has no racial or linguistic minorities. Because of the mixed racial character of the present-day Korean population, it is believed that the ancestors of the Koreans included immigrants from the northern part of the Asian mainland. The national language, Korean, is believed by some scholars to be a member of the Altaic language family. It is similar to Japanese in grammar, but it contains many borrowed Chinese words. Korean is written in a phonetic script known as Han'gol from the colonial period and most educated Koreans can read English, which is taught in all secondary schools. In 1995 nearly one-half of the people in South Korea did not claim a religion. Buddhism claimed more adherents than any other religion in South Korea. Confucianism, which is more a moral philosophy than a religion, is a more prominent element in Korean life than its somewhat small number of adherents would recommend. Christian missionaries were first permitted in Korea in 1882 and by 1995 the Christian population skyrocketed to 11.8 million, three quarters of them were Protestants. Other important influences include Ch'endogyo, a religion founded in the mid-19th century that fuses elements of Confucianism and Daoism. Primary education is free for all

Effects of Automation on Business and Employment

Effects of Automation on Business and Employment Introduction Is the future of the world going to be driven by sophisticated technology and endless job opportunities or is innovation going to create an inevitable doom? These are some of the issues that the author of this argumentative paper will address. Innovation has resulted to technologies that are increasingly making the world a happy and a comfortable place to live in.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Automation on Business and Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology has the capability to change the way human beings associate with the world around them (Miller, 2008). The author of this paper contends that the seemingly endless use of innovation is wrought with dangers and threats to the human society. Automation on Business and Employment Futurists like Ray Kurweil are optimistic about the destiny of this world as far as technological innovation is concerned. But they appear not to be aware of the consequences attached to it. In his book titled Lights in the Tunnel, Ford (2009) contends that â€Å"The world is becoming increasingly automated. Robots and computer programs will edge human workers out of their jobs (and that) unless we take a drastic step †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.this will reduce mass market’s purchasing power† (p.7). Ford (2009) is conversant with the fact that the world is indeed at a dangerous point. In his arguments, the tunnel is synonymous with purchasing power in the mass market (Ford, 2009). Having read this book thoroughly, the author of this paper is not convinced that the title adequately addresses the automation issue. The author of this paper would like to restructure the statement for the reader. The question is: what are the implications of automation in the current and future economy? Answering this question will help in predicting the future by tackling the current situation.Advertising Looking for research pa per on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many people agree that robots and computer software will take jobs that were initially dominated or occupied by human beings. Some individuals are already experiencing the problems as popular automation machines such as Flexpicker and Adept Quattro are now taking part in the manufacturing industry as they are given the task of sorting and shifting goods. More human-like automation machines have taken over the industry. For example, in a few years’ time, the journalist will be replaced by these creatures as they possess the skills for virtual writing and even news’ anchoring. The vending machines are a classic example of this scenario where the right for employment has been rendered useless (Leontief Duchin, 2008). Some economists contend that even though the technology is progressing and increasingly taking over most of the jobs held by humans, it cre ates more jobs in real sense. Any worker displaced from the manufacturing line will automatically get a place in the maintenance segment. In addition, a couple of workers may become consultants. They even go ahead and stress that automation will never do away with jobs meant for human beings. However, whether the machines will replace humans or not will largely depend on how technology advances (Killingsworth, 2008). The Fallacy of the Luddites To address this issue effectively, the author will travel back in time to the industrial revolution. The textile workers of the Luddites rejected the use of looming machines contending that it was ‘greedily’ taking their daily share of bread. They protested that jobs carried out by machines will jeopardize the economy. Of course they were not right. But the reader will contend with the author of this paper that this is not a fallacy in the modern era given that technology meant to save and ease human labor is only escalating the rate of unemployment (Killingsworth, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Automation on Business and Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author of this paper continues to argue that the fallacy will hold true if human beings are able to move at a faster pace than technology. This way, human beings will not be bullied by the greedy technology that is taking everything for itself. The fallacy that was structured during the revolution will be torn apart since the rate at which technology is advancing will overrun human capabilities. After the automation industry has taken over a substantial share of the global market, a large swathe of human workforce will be rendered redundant. In other words, future technology is a loss of jobs in the manufacturing industry (Watanabe, International Labor Office [ILO] World Employment Program [WEP], 2009). Another fact as far as job automation is con cerned is the many but lowly paying jobs in the industry. This is an indication that there will be just a few people able to purchase commodities. The few automated corporations will have formed a decimal generation of trillionaires with a diminished figure of consumers. This will result to fragmented purchasing power as consumer trust will fade allowing wealth to dominate in few places. At the end of the day, the wealthy tycoons will struggle to market their commodities bringing down the economy (Watanabe et al., 2009). Critiques Other economic scholars have challenged those thinkers who seem to support the fact that in a short while the world will become fully automated. They contend that not all jobs will become automated (Adler, 2010). For instance, artists, teachers, entertainers and such others will be saved as a sizeable proportion of human kind will prefer a touch of human hands in their services. They argue that in such circumstances, the economy has got nothing to worry ab out. This statement cannot go unchallenged. Currently, some of the high paying jobs include that of the office secretary, cashiers, food manufactures, lawyers and so forth. The question is, if the above mentioned jobs become automated, what are those involved in them going to become?Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Of course they will not change and become teachers, entertainers, or even artist. People from these automated positions will not have enough income to sustain themselves simply because not all will become artists or performers (Adler, 2010). Critics continue to challenge the effects of automation on the business and employment sector. They are of the view that to them, automation is not a problem. Human beings can transit from production to service based employment. They point out that human kind has evolved from an economy dominated by hunters and gatherers to that of craftsmanship, farming, and manufacturing by using their ingenuity. Modern worker can still shift and become a great entrepreneur (Essig, 2012). As entrepreneurs, they can own capital and use it to craft a new and different future. As the robots advance to take charge of the future, humans too can advance by investing in the robotic world. Wealth will not stagnate but will spread in all directions making life more com fortable. However, this argument has some weaknesses as it fails to address crucial issues. For example, not all people in the society can own adequate share capital from robots. The income realized cannot fully account for the total loss of employment and business opportunities (Ford, 2009). To respond to these scholars downplaying the automation threat, the author of this paper will try to give numerical evidence. A few years back, technology and employment went up at more or less the same rate. The reader should keep in mind that this trend is not the same today. But the reader will agree with this author that the performance of the companies exploiting technology is exceptional to say the least while, on the contrary, the employment rate has stagnated if not declined (Conference on Automation Systems for Business and Industry [Conference], 2011). Case Study Numerical evidence supports this fact. In North America, 41 out of 62 industries increased the use of information technolog y in their operations between 2007 and 2011. This development affected workers in the industries as technology took over their jobs. The difference was clearly seen when the rate of technology use rose by 10% as employment declined by 7% within the same period. This observation may be viewed as correlation as opposed to causation. It implies that industries making exorbitant profits have opted for technology over their employees. Technology is therefore the inability to hire workers (Taylor, Coppin Wealthy, 2010). The author of this paper appreciates the effects of automation given that it is predicted that by 2015, automation of business processes will have eliminated over 25% of human workforce in the labor market. For example, the ZDnet automation which has a self- service mechanism will invade the financial labor market and many other sectors leaving little to be done by humans (Taylor et al., 2010). The automation menace can be explained or categorized into three different cat egories. These are mechanization, automation, and process improvement. Mechanization and automation are well known for taking work from humans and transferring it to machines. The last category involves completely denying humans work and edging them out of the labor market. At the end of the day, unemployment will be on the rise (Taylor et al., 2010). James Albus (the inventor of some of the most intelligent machines) is worried about the fact that the automation machines he created will jeopardize the work meant for human beings. When he created these machines, he was optimistic that they will have the capacity to create wealth in the United States and around the world (Albus, 2009). To address his worries, he opted for what he calls capitalism in his book Peoples’ Capitalism: The Economic of Robot Revolution. This is substantial evidence that the world labor force is crumbling down. To avert such a scenario, he advises that the only way is to uphold capital income. He asser ts that if people acquire a substantial amount of capital income, it will help them compensate for the lost labor. According to him, this will be the economic system of the future. From this author’s point of view, Albus (2009) is only concerned with eradication of poverty, pollution, and maybe war. But he does not tell how the whole world will be able to own capital share (Albus, 2009) Having discussed the effects of automation on the employment sector, the author will shift the focus and address the effects of automation on business. Here, the reader will be made aware of the contribution of technology in business. Business and Automation The inventors of most of the automation machines argue that the creatures are not always cheaper than human labor. It is just that they give better and more promising results than their predecessors. They say that quality is a vital requirement in any business. No human being can match the quality of the results the machines can offer. A g ood example is the General Motor manufacturing industries. Robots are used to assemble thousands of part in a short time. No human employee can keep up with that (Oregon, 2008). The encroachment has extended to the medical sector where surgery in hospitals is done by robots with their backs stuck to computer tablets. The inventors contend that the robots are not preferred because they are cheap; rather, their work is quick and the patients are able to recover in a short time (Watkins, 2008). And with the ever increasing number of patients undergoing operations in hospitals, the significance of the robots cannot be downplayed. It is expensive to buy a robot and statistics indicate that only 400 were sold to serve in hospitals in 2011 (Jin Lin, 2012). If someone happens to undergo procedures such as prostatectomy, there is a high possibility that a robot was involved in one or various stages of the operation, complementing the work of the specialists. As such, automation is doing wel l as far as business is concerned. Automation machines need human intervention in all business processes. Although they would have sent home a significant number of workers, they will still need to be inspected whether they have performed the job correctly. As much as they can produce quality and precise work, they will remain machines. As such, intervention as far as their performance is concerned is mandatory (Jin Lin, 2012). Another classic example of automation in this field is the business process automation also referred to as the BPA. The idea here is to reduce operating costs by incorporating automatic software to increase business productivity. At the end of the day, quality and increased demand is achieved while business and automation are boosted (Jin Lin, 2012). Conclusion In this paper, the author looked at the effects of automation on business and employment in contemporary world. The paper adopted an argumentative nature where the author took a stand and tried to def end it. Opposing arguments were identified and debunked. It was found that the impacts of automation in these two fields are significant. In conclusion, the reader may ask themselves whether there is any job that is safe from automation. One would be tempted to say yes, there are some jobs that are safe from this menace. However, evidence in this paper clearly shows that none of the jobs is safe. Researchers are spending sleepless nights in laboratories trying to come up with algorithms that will give the robots the ability to search for facts and even narrate stories. This is an indication of the fact that the columns in the newspapers may be filled with stories written by robots (Miller, 2008). One may then ask who will read the stories. It is noted that the readers of the virtual writers will be many. Those sent home after their jobs have been taken away from them by the robots will idle around as they read the stories written by the same robots. References Adler, P. (2010). Tech nology and the future of work. New York: Oxford University Press. Albus, J. (2009). Peoples capitalism: The economics of the robot revolution. College Park, Md: New World Books. Conference on Automation Systems for Business and Industry. (2011). Proceedings of the EIA conference on automation systems for business and industry. New Jersey: Engineering Publishers. Essig, L. (2012). The speed of light: Dialogues on lighting design and technological change. Portsmouth, N.H: Heinemann. Ford, M. (2009). The lights in the tunnel: Automation, accelerating technology and the economy of the future. New York: Acculant Publishing. Jin, D., Lin, S. (2012). Advances in future computer and control systems (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. Killingsworth, C. (2008). Effects of automation on employment and manpower planning. East Lansing: Michigan State University. Leontief, W., Duchin, F. (2006). The future impact of automation on workers. New York: Oxford University Press. Miller, C. (2008). Digital s torytelling: A creators guide to interactive entertainment. Boston: Focal Press/Elsevier. Oregon, C. (2008). The effects of technological change on employment in the lumber industry. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower Administration, Bureau of Employment Security. Taylor, A., Coppin, P., Wealthy, P. (2010). The impact of new technology on local employment: A study of progress and effect on jobs in the London borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Aldershot, Hampshire: Gower. Watanabe, S., International Labour Office, World Employment Program. (2009). Microelectronics, automation, and employment in the automobile industry. Chichester: Wiley. Watkins, J. (2008). Information technology, organizations, and people: Transformations in the UK retail financial services sector. London: Routledge.

Hydrogels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hydrogels - Essay Example However, chef a amongst them are temperature, pH, ionic strength, solvent composition, and light and electric field, Al these are stimuli responsive Hydrogels are useful in the development of a number of appliances especially in the development of controlled drug release systems, sensors, cell culture substances, and flow control. Additionally, Hydrogels are suitable for immobilizing the bimolecular because the=y have a bimolecular capacity, this is very fundamental in keeping their shape in the original condition. They can also be vey important in immobilizing optical sensors because they have a very important property. By virtue of their functionality, their biocompatibility makes the ideal candidate of the development of the rational optical sensor. They have a very wide loading capacity that is mainly suitable for sensors. Additional they have a very wide background which is only suitable for optical low optics. They also have another property that makes them very suitable for the development of cornerstones. For example polymers can be mixed to derive a very effective hydrogen cornerstone There have been a lot of res DNA however; one of the mot important a breakthrough in the researches that involves DNA is the use of DNA functionalized Hydrogels to make biosensors. This breakthrough was also fundamental for the development of controlled release system just like in medicine and other stimuli reactive materials. The focus on the main property of Hydrogels such as the ability to swell is very important because in this way. The most important breakthrough has been achieved in the scientific circles. A better example is the focus on gels phase shift. A stimuli responsive smart gels. There has also been the relatively low number of bolometric sensors. Acrydite-modified DNA is easy to link Hydrogels understanding through co-polymerization. Upon the completion of the gel transformation, their general viscosity is transformed as one can

Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Starbucks - Essay Example Furthermore, the report provides a discussion of the marketing mix and possible strategies that should be employed in order to ensure that the launch of a new organic product line by Starbucks in the UK is successful. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1.Introduction 3 2. Situation Analysis 4 2.1 PESTLE Analysis 5 The rise of health conscious consumers in the UK means that the organic food industry is no longer categorized as a niche market but has recently become a market that is targeted towards the masses. According to IBISWorld, sales volumes of organic products in the UK are expected to rise by 2.6% resulting in financial growth of ?2.02 billion (PRWEB 2013). Certainly, this trend reflects increased consumer awareness regarding food products and the benefits of organic produce on health. 6 2.2 SWOT Analysis 7 3.Market Summary 8 3.1Segmentation 8 3.2Targeting 9 3.3.Positioning 10 3.3 Competition 10 3.4 Market Growth Potential 11 4.1 Marketing Objective 12 4.2 Target Market 12 4.3 Product Offering 12 4.4 Marketing Program 13 4.4.1 Marketing Mix 13 4.4.2 Marketing Communication Mix 13 References 15 PRWEB (2013). UK Organic food industry is moving from niche to mainstream markets [online] available from [24 June 2013] 15 The Asset (2013). Strong UK GDP growth through Q3 seen, SWIFT Index predicts [online] available from [24 June 2013] 15 UKTI (2012). Finance, grants and incentives for businesses in the UK [online] available from [24 June 2013] 15 1. Introduction Starbucks started its operations in 1971 with a sole location at Seattle’s Pike Place Market engaging in the buying and selling of ground coffee and whole bean (Starbucks 2012). The business started with Howard Schlutz’s vision of taking the European coffeehouse experience and translating it according to the requirements, demands, needs and wants of the American customer (Kotler 2010). According to Kotler (2010) the success of Starbucks which is reflected in the existence of 17,651 sto res (as of July 2012) across the globe (Starbucks 2012) has been its ability to integrate a rich experience and successful product to provide the Starbucks Experience. Starbucks made entrance in the European coffee market in 1998 as a consequence of its acquisition of 65 Seattle Coffee Company outlets located in the United Kingdom (Starbucks 2013a). Analysts note that Starbuck’s entrance into the UK market via this strategic business decision was aided by the similarities shared by the two companies it their culture, values and commitment towards the customers (Starbucks 2013). 2. Situation Analysis According to the financial results of Starbucks in the last 5 years, the company has experienced significant growth in its earnings per share which is a positive sign. Under this consideration financial analysts can make accurate evaluations regarding the financial state of the company and the performance of the sales department in particular. According to reports, the earnings pe r share of the organization have increased on a consistent basis from $0.87 in 2007

Social Media In Marketing Communication

Social Media In Marketing Communication The technologies and tools people use to communicate online are referred to collectively as social media (Scott, 2010 ). Social media is not understood in terms of the different technologies and tools but, rather how those technologies and tools allow you to communicate directly with people or intended recipient. The term social media represents media that users can easily participate in, contribute to (Karjaluota, 2008), communicate with and congregate to have fun with friends and community (Scott, 2010 ). Social Media is an emerging phenomenon of recent times. Social media is a group of new kinds of online media embodied participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness as unique characteristics (Mayfield, 2008). Boyd (2008) refers social media is an umbrella term that refers to the set of tools, services, and applications that allow people to interact with others using network technologies. Social media encompasses groupware, online communities, peer -to-peer and media-sharing technologies, and networked gaming. Mayfield (2008) explain social media is all about being human like sharing ideas, cooperating and collaborating to create art, thinking and commerce, vigorous debate and discourse, finding people who might be good friends, allies and lovers, which our species has built since several civilisation. He further adds social media is becoming popular so quickly, not because its great shiny, speedy new technology, but because it lets us be ourselves. People can find information, inspiration, communities and collaborators faster than ever before. New ideas, services, business models and technologies emerge and evolve at fast speed in social media. According to Scott (2010) social media ; .provides the way people share ideas, content, thoughts and relationships online. Social Media differ from so-called mainstream media in that anyone can create, comment on, and add to social media content. Social media can take the form of text, audio, video, images, and communities (Scott, 2010 , p. 38). Social media is also known as user generated media (Mangold Faulds, 2009). User creates a network among friends, families, celebrities, and those who share common characteristics etc. that has built strong user base among different social media forms. It is becoming popular day by day due to its unique characteristics such as socialising, participating, freedom of expression, engaging, interactivity and easily accessible at fraction of cost. The main important features of social media is to keep in touch with friend, communicate with friend and share memories of good and bad experience through notes, post, blogs, video sharing and photo sharing etc. Social media is sometimes referred to as social software or social computing or computer-mediated communication (Boyd, 2008). In next section, social medias characteristic is explained. Characteristic of Social Media: The power of social media is rooted in its ability to connect people across time and space. The way these tools are used alters plethora of practices, including communication, collaboration, information dissemination, and social organisation (Benkler, 2006; Castells, 1996; Rheingold, 2002). Social media has affected how people interact with one another and, thus, it has the potential to alter how society is organised though they are simply the messengers, social media tools are revered for their potential to connect people( (Shriky, 2008; Tapscott Williams, 2006; Weinberger, 2008). Social media provides power to communicate one to literally hundreds or thousands of other people quickly and with relatively little effort. Participation and making connections are common characteristics among social media platforms. Part of this is informed by the notion of a flat community, in which all parties engage in open dialogue. Influence and credibility are prized in this arena, as the users reputation can often be a key motivator for one to remain active in the dialogue (Karjaluota, 2008). Some of the common characteristics of Social Media identified by Mayfield (2008) are; Participation, social media encourages contributions and feedback from everyone who is interested. It blurs the line between media and audience. Openness, most social media services are open to feedback and participation. They encourage voting, comments and the sharing information. There are rarely any barriers to accessing and making use of content-password -protected content is frowned on. Conversation, whereas traditional media is about broadcast and in contrast social media is better seen as a two -way conversation. Community, social media allows communities to form quickly and communicate effectively. Communities share common interests, such as a love of photography, a political issue or a favourite TV show. Connectedness, most kinds of social media thrive on their connectedness, making use of links to other sites, resources and people. Common Forms of Social Media: There are various tools and format are in practice in the forms of social media. The commonly used or basic forms of social media (Karjaluota, 2008; Mayfield, 2008; Scott, 2010 ; Mangold Faulds, 2009) are; Social Networking Sites (SNS) are virtual communities that allow users to build personal profile, connect with friends, and cultivate a community of friends and to share information, content and communication. Some appeal to broad groups (i.e. Facebook) whereas others are built around particular niches and demographics (i.e. LinkedIn). The common SNS are Facebook, MySpace, Bebo, LinkedIn, Faceparty etc. Blogs are personal web sites written by somebody who is passionate about a topic, which provide a means to share that passion with the world and to foster an active community of readers who provide comments on the feature posts. Perhaps it is the best known form of social media, blogs are online journals, with entries appearing with most recent first. Blogs are vary widely in nature, but tend to be popular as they often provide an unvarnished, insider perspective on a particular topic. For example, user sponsored blogs (unofficial Apple Weblog, Cnet.com) and company -sponsored websites/blogs (Apple.com, PGs Vocalpoint). Content Communities are sites that allow users to post and share content. Such communities exist around anything from videos and photos to stories and links. Some of these sites include voting functions that allow the community to determine the relevance of content. Sites like YouTube, Flicker, Vimeo and Jamendo.com greatly simplify the process of sharing and commenting on Photos, Videos and Music. Other examples are content sharing combined with assistance Piczo.com and general intellectual property sharing sites Creative Commons. Forums are areas in which multiple users can create topics and then comment on these topics. They are commonly used as resources for those interested in particular topic. It is a place for online discussion, often around specific topics and interests. Forums came about before term social media and are a powerful element of online communities. It is also known as chat rooms and message boards, with the main feature being that anyone can start a discussion thread. Wikis are community -generated documents and databases. These websites allow people to add content to or edit the information on them, acting as a communal document or database. The best -known wiki is Wikipedia, the online encyclopaedia which has over 2 million English languages articles. Virtual Worlds represent one of the most novel areas on the web, in which users can engage in immersive worlds. Some of these spaces closely mirror real-world notions such as community and economics. Second Life is an example of virtual worlds. Micro blogging are social networking combined with bite-sized blogging, where small amounts of content updates are distributed online and through the mobile phone network. Twitter is well known form of micro blogging. Social Bookmarking sites like digg, del.icio.us, Newsvine, Mixxit, Reddit allows users to recommend online news stories, music, videos and content to others and vote on what is interesting. Many other forms of social media exist are news aggregators, podcasts (Apple iTunes), mash-ups, company sponsored cause/help sites (Doves Campaign for Real Beauty, click2quit.com), invitation only social networks (ASmallWorld.net), commerce communities (eBay, Amazon.com, Craigs List, IStockphoto, Threadless.com), news delivery sites (current TV), educational materials sharing (MIT OpenCoourseWare, MERLOT), open source software communities (Mozillas spreadfirefox.com, Linux.org) , windows Live, Google community and Yahoo. The Use of Social Media in Marketing Communication: Communication has become more challenging due to rapid changes in technologies, multiple communication channels and consumers constantly changing preferences and media use for obtaining information. Effectiveness of communication will largely depends on understanding of consumers buying behaviour, indentifying their information need and provides them with the right information, in right time at right place. It is enormously important to make sure the appropriate media is used (Ennew, 1993). Selection of a medium is relative with the customer preference with that particular medium. In an interview by www.marketingprof.com , a marketing guru, Philip Kotler says; .major challenge today is getting people attention. Consumers are pressed for times and many worked hard to avoid advertising messages. The main challenge is to find new way to capture attention and position a brand in consumers mind.. (Kotler, 2005 ¶17) Multiple communication channels pose a challenge to marketers to select a right medium to reach their target consumers. Traditional marketing communication media are loosing thier importance and are being challenged by new media. The internet has replaced traditional media such as radio, newspaper, magzine and the TV as the preferred medium for advertising (Selek, 2010). TV advertising is loosing its effectiveness because of growing advertising clutter, the increeasing number of channels and reduced watching of television by certain group of people (Kotler, 2005). Social Media presence in marketing communication is increasing rapidly. Social media is becoming a part of the marketing strategies of organisations irrespective of shape, size, volume and purposes. Marketers are trying to make it as a part of the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) and element of their marketing mix (Mangold Faulds, 2009; Li Bernoff, 2008). IMC is a guiding principles, marketers has been practising since its identification as a marketing tools to communicate with their target market. IMC is arguably the best tools, as of now, use to coordinate and control varying elements of the promotional mix- advertising, personal selling, public relations, publicity, direct marketing, and sales promotion to develop customer focused integrated message and to achieve different organisational goals (Boone Kurtz, 2007). Social media is changing the landscape of marketing communication. Growing use and popularity of social media tools like Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Twitter, Flicker, Digg, Del.icio.us, Foursquare and others have compelled organisations use of social media as an integrated marketing communication tool. Consumers are making conversation on these platforms. Facebook alone has 500 million users worldwide, which accounts nearly 8% of world population and collectively, users spend more than 700 billion minutes a month in Facebook (Smith, 2010). The possibility of exposure to mass audience and high engagement are propelling organisations to use social media to communicate to their target consumers. Fortunes 500 companies have been using social media as one of the most important tool in their marketing strategy (Barnes Mattson, 2008). Increase in advertising spending on social media shows preference of marketers in social media against traditional media as a marketing communication tool.The growing popularity of internet business such as google and social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook have increased the use of social media in advertising. Advertising spending in the social networking area is estimated to be $865 million, with a projected value of $2 billion by 2011, or almost 8.5% of total online spending (eMarketer, 2006 cited in Gangadharbatla, 2008). Facebooks  £525 million revenue from advertising in 2009 (Smith, 2010) shows the magnitude of growing popularity of scoial media as a marketing communication tool. Marketers are shifting their marketing spending from traditional means of communication to digital ones, focusing on search, dispaly ads and social networking. Marketers who believe that most important way to improve communication effectiveness is to shift investment from traditional channels to digital channels are increasing. Another noticable changes is to shift advertising spending from awerness and brand building to promotional marketing (Ramsey Douglas, 2010). According to a 2009 survey, conducted by the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) and Marketing Management Analytics (MMA), most marketers say that they plan to increase their budgets for interactive marketing by pulling funds out of traditional media. Survey shows that U.S. companies moved total of $60 billion from traditional media into online marketing in 2009 itself, which represents a major shift from traditional marketing to digital marketing in an effort to increase marketing effectiveness. Research shows that after the corporate website, the most effective way to communicate with prospects is through social media. As many as 80% of U.S. companies are using social media in their marketing efforts, either placing ads on sites, monitoring sites for chatter about their brands, or engaging directly through sites like Facebook. For most marketers two prime objectives for usiing social media are enhancing brand awareness and deepening realationships with consumers. Many others use social media to expand to new audiences and acquire new customers (StrongMail, 2009). Social Media enables customer to talk to one another, which is an extention of traditional word-of-mouth communication (Mangold Faulds, 2009). The role of social media giving customer to communicate to one another is unique from traditional marketing communication. In his book The New Influencers, Gillin (2007) says that Conventional marketing wisdoms has long held that a dissatisfied customer tells ten people. But that is out of date. In the new age of social media he or she has the tools to tell [billions] consumers in few hours. The Internet has become a mass media vehicle for consumer-sponsored communications. It now represents the number one source of media for consumers at work and the number two source of media at home (Rashtchy, Kessler, Bieber, Shindler, Tzeng, 2007). Consumers are turning away from the traditional sources of advertising: radio, television, magazines, and newspapers. Consumers also consistently demand more control over their media consumption. They require on-demand and immediate access to information at their own convenience (Rashtchy et al., 2007; Vollmer Precourt, 2008). Social media is perceived by consumers as a more trustworthy source of information regarding products and services than corporate-sponsored communications transmitted via the traditional elements of the promotion mix (Foux, 2006). There are varying levels of trust and credibility among marketing channels: pretty low for ads, more so for traditional media and even lower for brand websites. Social media leverage the trust that users have with one another. This is well proven fact in marketing that most effective influencers in buying decisions are friends and family. Social media has been providing consumer different platforms to communicate easily with friends and family quickly and effectively. Recommendations from friends and acquaintances, particularly those people we think are most like ourselves, garner the highest trust. Almost three-fourths of customers consult product reviews before making a purchase, and more than half have made a purchase based on consumer reviews. They create transparency and establish trust to prospects (Ramsey Douglas, 2010). Marketers use several methods to improve consumer retention. Social media is becoming an important part of consumer retention and is giving companies new ways to tap into consumer mindset. A survey conducted by King Fish Media (2009) shows that 72% of US marketing managers, who participated in the survey, believes that social media is the most effective way to communicate with current consumers. Social media leave behind the old model of one- to- one communication and enable communication from one to many or many- to- many. Social media such as blogs, tweets, wikis, and social networks are all about speeding up and enriching communication. Social media tools bring the advantages of flatter, more democratic and presumably more effective communication networks (Hawn, 2009). The advent of social media challenge traditional type of intrusive and one way communication. Social media offer multi -dimensional communication among marketers to consumers, consumers to consumers and consumers to marketers. Social media is a great tool for listening to consumers and improving products and services using feedback and suggestion from consumers. Understanding the speed and breadth of response to a consumer issue is crucial in social media (Econsultancy, 2009). Mangold Faulds (2009) argue that social media is a hybrid element of the promotion mix because it combines characteristics of traditional IMC tools (companies talking to consumers) with a highly magnified form of word-of-mouth (customers talking to one another) wherby marketing managers cannot control the content and frequency of such information. Consumers ability to communicate with one another limits the amount of control companies have over the content and dissemination of information. In the era of social media, consumers have greater access to information and great command over media consumption than ever before (Vollmer Precourt, 2008). In the era of social media, marketing managers control over the content, timing, and frequency of information is being severely eroded. In the new communication paradigm, information about products and services also originates in the marketplace. This information is based on the experiences of individual consumers and is channelled through the traditional promotion mix. The traditional communication paradigm, which relied on the classic promotional mix to craft IMC strategies, must give way to a new paradigm that includes all forms of social media as potential tools in designing and implementing IMC strategies. Contemporary marketers cannot ignore the phenomenon of social media because it has rapidly become the de facto modus operandi for consumers who are disseminating information on products and services (Mangold Faulds, 2009). In this section researcher tried to gain insights about social media from available literatures and its uses in marketing communication. In following section researcher reviews of existing literature on social networking site Facebook and its uses by students, motives of use and use of Facebook in selection of universities, which is the main purpose of this study. The Facebook: Facebook is very popular social networking sites, which gives user an opportunity to create personal profile (include general information like education background, work background, and favourite interest), build a friend networks who have Facebook account, upload and share photos, put comment, show liking or agreeableness on any subjects, issues, comments, products and brands through like button, write notes and create news and many more. Facebook members can also join virtual groups based on common interests, see what classes they have in common, and learn about others hobbies, interests, tastes, and romantic relationship statuses through the profiles (Ellision, Steinfield, Lampe, 2007). It also has an option to add specific applications to further personalise ones profile (Rosmarin, 2007). People mostly use it to make friends, networking with friends, share links and videos, and learn more about the people they meet (Reuben, 2008). A Harvard undergraduate student and a programmer Mr. Mark Zuckerberg along with his friend Eduardo was set up Facebook.com in February 2004 at Harvard University dorm as an online student directory for only Harvard students (Cassidy, 2006; Mayer Puller, 2007; Boyd Ellison, 2007). To join a user had to have a Harvard.edu email address. Facebook extended beyond Harvard to other Ivy League school in spring 2004. In fall 2004 Facebook.com had added websites to several hundred of colleges and university, then later expanded to any university students having an university e-mail and now anyone over age 13 with an valid e-mail account can join Facebook (Reuben, 2008). Mr. Zuckerberg, who set up Facebook at his early 20 (now 26), has grown it into a business worth an estimated  £15 billion (Smith, 2010). Facebook has now become habitual and a part of everyday life for 500 million users worldwide. Facebook has reached almost eight percent of world population with meteoric rise of its users from 150 millions in January 2009 to 500 million in 2010 (Smith, 2010). Today, Facebook is the number one social networking site beating MySpace, LinkedIn, Foursquare etc. Facebook is third popular online brand after Google and MSN respectively. According to Nielsen survey (April, 2010) 54% worlds internet population visiting Facebook and spends 6 hours per person every month. On average user create 90 pieces of content every month, 30 billion pieces of content (web links, news, blogs etc) are shared each month, more than 3 billion pictures are uploaded every month, there are more than 60 million status updates a day and have an average of 130 friends (Smith, 2010). Collectively, users spend more than 700 billion minutes a month on Facebook. Alex Burmaster, of research agency Nielsen Online said: Facebook has become a phenomenon of our time, its become almost like a mobile phone, [and] people cant imagine their lives without it. Popularity of Facebook among Colleges and Universities Students: Origin of Facebook is directly associated with university students. Facebook was set up by a university student as an online student directory. Initially, it was restricted to users with a harvard.edu email address and was confined to colleges and universities students and staffs. It was officially open to non-academic and non-US based users in September 2006 (Joinson, 2008; Reuben, 2008). Facebook has become a number one choice among universities students. According to Pew Research Centers survey nearly three quarters (73 percent) of online teens and an equal number (72 percent) of young adults use social networking sites. The survey also reveals that among adults 18 and older Facebook is most preferred choice; 73% have profile on Facebook, 48% own profile on MySpace and 14% use LinkedIn (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010). According to previous survey by Pew Center 50% of young adult social network users had profile in MySpace, 22% had profile on Facebook and only 6% had a profile on LinkedIn (Lenhart, A., 2009). The recent survey also shows that among adult profile owners with high school degree or less, 64% have a profile on MySpace, 63% have profile on Facebook and just 3% have LinkedIn profile. Adults with at least some college experience, 78% have profile on Facebook, where 41% have a profile on my space and 19% have a LinkedIn profile (Lenhart, et. al, 2010). It shows the greater presence and growing popularity of Facebook among colleges and universities students. There is growing concern about universities students excessive use of Facebook. Sheldon (2008) states that 93% student had a Facebook account, on average they spent 47 minutes a day on Facebook and in overall 81% student logged into Facebook on a daily basis. Social networking sites are widely thought to have changed students communication pattern because many college/university students lives have an online component (Zywica Danowski, 2008). There is hard debate going on about the risk of students being addicted to, and spending too much time on Facebook. Those who argue about negative impact and against on students excessive use of Facebook are demanding control on students from using Facebook. Facebook has been met with criticism by educators, with suggestions that students spend too much time on Facebook and find it addictive (Bugeja, 2006). Others, who believe control is not the right options, are suggesting attract and encourage students for its academic and positive use. Some studies have shown advantages of Facebook use for undergraduate students to assist and adjust to university life, especially those experiencing low self-esteem (Ellision, et al., 2007). Lloyd, Dean, and Cooper, (2007) concluded that students can benefit and suffer from using technology [Facebook]. Positive effects of technology [Facebook] are knowledge acquisition, socialisation and entertainment. However, negative effects include that students tend to be less healthy and passive in off-line activities when their sole purpose is for entertainment, which has a direct effect on their academic success, personal relationships, and wellness. Students Motives for Facebook Use: People use media to gratify their various communication needs and wants. Uses and gratification is viewed as a psychological communication perspective which focuses on how individual use mass media and other forms of communication to fulfil their needs and wants (Sheldon, 2008; Rubin, 2002). According to the uses and gratification perspective, media use is determined by a group of key elements including peoples needs and motives to communicate, the psychological and social environment, the mass media, functional alternative to media use, communication behaviour, and the consequences of such behaviour (Rubin, 1994). McQuail, Blumler and Brown (1972) classified mostly found needs and gratifications in four categories; diversion (escape from problems, emotional release), personal relationship (social utility of information in conversation, substitute of the media for companionship), personal Identity (value reinforcement, self understanding), and information (as cited in Sheldon, 2008). These classifications were, basically, developed for audiovisual media use and researchers extendend it for internet use and developed different motivational scales for internet use over time. According to Morris, and Ogan (1996) internet fulfills interpersonal and mediated needs. Needs traditionally fulfilled by media are social interaction, time pass, habit, information and entertainment (Flaherty, Pearce, Rubin, 1998). Media fulfilled interpersonal needs such as companionship, maintenance of relationship, problem-solving and persuation (Flanagin Metzger, 2001). LaRose, Mastro, and Eastin (2001) found that the expectation of finding enjoyable activities online predicted the amount of online media consumption. Song, LaRose, Eastin, and Lin (2004) identified virtual community as a new gratification that strengthen comunication with people met on internet. This definition contrast with relationship maintenance focused to maintain relationship with existing acquaintances (Song et al., 2004). Uses and gratification research has usually focused on how media are used to satisfy cognitive and affective needs relating personal needs and entertainment needs (Rubin, 2002), which includes need for personal identity, escapism, and self presentation. Researchers found various gratifications of internet and SNS uses such as acquisition of information, ability to engage in interpersonal communication and socialisation (Stafford Gonier, 2004); interpersonal utility functions such as relationship building, scoial maintenance and social recognition (Leung, 2007); interpersonal relations, information, and entertainment (Ho Cho, 2006); infromation, interpersonal communication, and entertainment (Matsuba, 2006). There has lot of research done about students motives in using Facebook. Majority of the previous research found friending, time pass, flirt and find new friends are the students prime motives to use Facebook. According to Coley (2006) most students use Facebook for fun to organise parties, and to find dates. They use it to find people with similar interest, peer who are in same class, and with whom they feel a sense of community and connectedness and its become habit to those who are already in online. Urista, Dong, and Day, (2009) in their study what motivates young adults to use SNS (MySpace and Facebook) found that individual use SNS to fulfill their needs and wants, which includes efficient communication, convenient communication, curosity about others, popularity and relationship formation and reinforcement. Ellision, et al. (2007) suggest that Facebook is mostly used to maintain or reinforce existing offline relationships, as opposed to establishing new ones online. There is usually some common offline activity among individuals with friends one another, such as a shared class or extra curricular acitivity. Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfield (2006) found that Facebook users engage in searching for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they browse for new people to meet. Sheldon (2008) conducted a survey of 172 students and found that large porportion of students use Facebook to maintain relationship with people they already know, majority of students also visit Facebook for time pass like when feel bored or get wall post update notification, significant porportion of students use Facebook for entertainment purposes and a small porportion use Facebook to develop new relationship. According to Pew Internet American Life Project survey (2009) teens and adults use Facebook to stay in touch with friends (97 percent), make plans with friends (62 percent), make new friends (52 percent), organize with others for an event, issue or cause (56 percent), and flirt (22 percent) (Lenhart, 2009). 2,251 subjects were participated in the survey. Research on Facebook is starting to emerge along with its popularity. The applications and utilities of Facebook is also constantly being developed. Most of the previous studies about motives to use Facebook was done before 2008, when Facebook was just started to emerge and not much popular as now and not much applications as now. The researcher found limited limited predictors have been used to study students motive for Facebook use. In this paper the researcher try to find out university students motives of using Facebook using new predictors. The first research question of the study is; RQ1: What are the motives of university students for Facebook use? Students Use of Facebook in Selection of Universities and Colleges: Oklahoma State Universitys study highlights a typical lifestyle of a todays student. On average each day students sleep for 7 hours, spend 1.5 hours watching TV, spend 3.5 hours online, listen to music for 2.5 hours, talk on a cell phone for 2 hours, spend 3 hours in class, spend 2 hours eating, go to work for 2 hours and study for 3 hours. This totals 26.5 hours a day, nearly half of that involve technology. Students read 8 books a year, surf t